Based on the context provided and the dialogue within the transcript, here is the formatted version with speaker names assigned. **Note on Board Members:** The Tree Board consists of Mike Bender, Glenn, Jack Aletto, Dallas Pearson, Nick Canela, and Marge S. Specific identifications are based on their professional backgrounds (e.g., Mike Bender in horticulture, Nick Canela in forestry) and explicit mentions in the text. [00:00] **Chair**: All right, uh, I'm going to call to order the June 18th regular meeting of the Oakdale Tree Board. Um, start with the roll call. Yeah: Mike Bender, Glenn, Jack Aletto, Dallas Pearson, Nick Canela, Marge S. All right, that's five of us. That should be a quorum. Yeah, we're good. Let's do the Pledge of Allegiance. [00:25] **Group**: I pledge allegiance to the flag of the United States of America, and to the Republic for which it stands, one nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all. [00:38] **Chair**: Everyone have a chance to look over the agenda from the last meeting, which would have been March 19th? Approval of agenda for tonight first—oh sorry, first we need to approve the agenda for tonight. Does anyone have any issues with the agenda for tonight? [00:54] **Mike Bender**: Mr. Chair? Yeah, I would like to add to Old Business. I've got some things about the Arbor Day tree giveaway. [01:03] **Chair**: All right, I'm good with that. Anybody opposed to adding that? Do we need a motion for that or can we just add it? Approval of agenda as presented, as amended, okay. Um, do we have any other amendments before we approve it? Uh, hearing no other amendments, I would look for a motion to approve the agenda as amended. [01:23] **Board Member**: So moved. [01:24] **Board Member**: Second. [01:25] **Chair**: All in favor? [01:26] **Group**: Aye. [01:27] **Chair**: Any opposed? All right, we will go ahead with that agenda then. Um, all right, now we can approve the minutes from March 19th. Did everyone have a chance to look through those? [01:38] **Board Member**: I only have one question. Yeah, in the open forum there was a mention that board member Bender brought up a video received by the former city Forester Lauren Cota about a group in Canada that manages a food forest and risks involved. I just wanted to know where I can watch the movie. [01:54] **Mike Bender**: Oh sure, it wasn't a movie. It was, um, a live feed from the University of Massachusetts. Okay, so it was a one-time only and you had to register to get it. And there's another one—I sent Marge the link—there's another one coming up in September. [02:14] **Board Member**: Okay, they sound interesting. That's what I was— [02:15] **Mike Bender**: Yeah, it was very interesting, and that's why I signed up again for the one in September to see what they were going to talk about there. [02:22] **Nick Canela**: Mike, could you send it to the whole board so everyone can register? [02:25] **Chair**: Yeah, you could send it to me and then I can distribute. [02:28] **Mike Bender**: Okay, perfect. [02:29] **Chair**: You send it there you go, and then she'll distribute it. That'd be great. We won't violate any open meeting laws. [02:35] **Board Member**: Yes, and that was the only question I had on the minutes. [02:37] **Chair**: Okay, I didn't see anything that jumped out to me. So, could I get a motion to approve the March 19th minutes? [02:45] **Board Member**: I make a motion to approve the minutes as they stand. [02:48] **Board Member**: I second. [02:49] **Chair**: All in favor of approving? [02:50] **Group**: Aye. [02:51] **Chair**: All opposed? Motion carries, we'll approve the minutes. Um, on to Open Forum then. We need some advisory body training. Sarah, please and thank you. [03:02] **Sarah Ludwig**: Good evening, Tree Board members. Thank you so much for having me. I am Sarah Ludwig, the City Clerk. Chris Volkers, our City Administrator, would have loved to be here this evening but she had a scheduling conflict. So I do have with me, though, our City Attorney Jim Thompson. So we are going to go through some training for our board members here tonight. And first, we just want to thank you so much for your commitment and your contributions to not only the Tree Board but also the city overall. I know this takes some time out of your personal lives, so we do appreciate that very much. [03:36] **Sarah Ludwig**: Looking over the training for this evening, we'll go over just some brief city information, Boards and Commissions 101, meeting information, legal information as given by our City Attorney, some communication information, and then lastly, any next steps for you. [Sarah continues with a detailed presentation on city mission, values, council structure, and organizational charts...] [07:11] **Sarah Ludwig**: I'll take a pause if there's any questions about the city information. Okay, we'll move into Boards and Commissions 101. [Sarah continues, explaining the roles of the five advisory bodies, staff liaisons like Luke McClanahan and Jeff Koesling, and the development of the new advisory body handbook...] [13:46] **Sarah Ludwig**: Are there any questions so far? Okay, so there are a couple of things that the advisory bodies do not do... [Sarah explains meeting procedures, Robert's Rules, agendas, and the new Open Forum policy...] [21:19] **Sarah Ludwig**: I'll pause briefly for questions. Okay, I will turn it over to City Attorney Jim Thompson. [21:26] **Jim Thompson**: Hi, thanks Sarah. Yeah, my name is Jim Thompson, I'm the City Attorney. I'm actually in private practice with the law firm Kennedy & Graven, and the city contracts with us to provide the services. So I'm not an employee, and because of that, I drew the short straw and have to give you the Robert's Rules presentation. So I will do my best to make it interesting. [Jim Thompson presents a video on Robert's Rules and discusses the Open Meeting Law and the definition of a "meeting"...] [26:59] **Board Member**: The way you phrase it brings up some issues for me because I delete my emails, and I don't have the same privileges as Hillary. So what happens if we are suddenly subpoenaed for something? And like in my case, I get some emails from different organizations—I'm trashing them three or four times a day. [27:18] **Jim Thompson**: Okay, yeah. Actually, what's government data? Government data is any data that relates to City business no matter where—it doesn't matter if it's on your personal phone, your personal computer, or on a city-issued one. It's not where it's located, it's what the subject of it is. So with respect to your question, there's also a law called the Records Retention Act, which Sarah is familiar with. And the city has a policy as to how long records have to be kept. Emails are considered transitory... [28:13] **Board Member**: You were talking about emails in between commissioners. Does that also apply to phone calls? [28:18] **Jim Thompson**: Well, yes. I mean, the rule is a phone call—yes, you can have a phone call between less than a quorum of the commission without violating the Open Meeting Law. If it's more than a quorum, that would be a meeting. You can have the same issue with serial phone conversations. If one calls another and another... the law is a little ambiguous in the sense of "what's your intent?" If your intent is to avoid a public discussion, it's a problem. So just stay away from them. [Jim Thompson continues discussing the Data Practices Act, Conflict of Interest, and the Gift Law...] [32:15] **Jim Thompson**: That's it. You've got Open Meeting Law, Data Practices, Conflict of Interest, and Gift Law. Just be aware they exist. If something comes up, you can work through your staff liaison and I'll be happy to help. Thanks. [32:32] **Sarah Ludwig**: Thank you. All right, and then briefly I will wrap up with communications and next steps for you all. [Sarah presents social media channels, ways to stay informed about the Council, and how to communicate with the public...] [35:55] **Sarah Ludwig**: Are there any questions? Okay, thank you so much. [36:01] **Max Losi**: Great. Can I get our presentation up on the screen? Apologize, it seems we're having some technical issues... All right. Thank you, Tree Board, and good evening. My name is Max Losi and I work with the city's Community Development Department. I'm excited to present to you tonight our zoning and subdivision code update, specifically sections pertaining to Trees and Landscaping. This is one of our department's largest projects this year. With me tonight as well is Beth Richmond, a planner with HKGI, a planning consulting firm specializing in code updates. [Max and Beth explain the zoning code update and the diagnosis of the current tree preservation ordinance...] [39:27] **Beth Richmond**: Thanks, Max, and good evening everyone. It's nice to be with you tonight. I'm just going to kind of go over what we have found as we've been reviewing Chapter 22 as well as the landscaping requirements in the zoning code. [Beth explains the confusion regarding the current replacement schedule and Category A, B, and C classifications...] [42:12] **Board Member**: Excuse me, may I ask questions? On this table, it wasn't clear at all to me what those definitions of Category A, B, and C meant. You're saying they can choose which? [42:25] **Beth Richmond**: That's my assumption, but it's also not clear to me. [42:27] **Board Member**: That was—I was looking for the definition somewhere of what those mean. [42:30] **Max Losi**: The way Community Development staff have interpreted it, essentially Category A would be the largest trees. What the table says is you have to plant fewer trees on a one-to-one basis if they're larger, and then as it gets smaller, that number increases. [42:48] **Board Member**: Got it. Thank you. [42:50] **Nick Canela**: The definitions appear to be embedded in the table actually, it's what Category A, B, and C are. I read that too. The way it appears to me is that if you remove one coniferous 12-inch or 12-foot to 24-foot high tree, you can replace it with one Category A, two Category B, or four Category C plants. [43:14] **Beth Richmond**: Yes, that makes sense. But I don't know what Category A means. [43:18] **Nick Canela**: I'm thinking it's if you go down to the bottom where it says deciduous or coniferous. So if you're replacing it with one Category A coniferous, it would have to be not less than 10 feet in height, which seems inordinately expensive and less likely to survive. [43:34] **Beth Richmond**: Okay, yeah. But this is exactly the confusion that—why we need to fix it. [44:11] **Beth Richmond**: One of the next pieces I wanted to touch on is tree diversity. I mean, if you have to plant 10 trees, they can't all be Maples or they can't all be Oaks. Wondering if there's a desire for that? [44:33] **Nick Canela**: Yes, I have a recommendation for that. Within urban forestry, the recommendation is no more than 5% of any given species, 10% genus, 15% family. And so if we could build something like that in, that would absolutely encourage urban forest diversity and then require people through the code to adhere to that. [44:59] **Beth Richmond**: Okay, yeah, that's interesting. [45:10] **Board Member**: One question, general question. Reading through this, everything's about the developer. On my block, I've had—there have been three very large trees; they died, they were removed. Does it make any mention about homeowner replacement of the trees? I just noticed it's glaringly obvious it's missing in here. [45:34] **Beth Richmond**: Yeah, no, that's a good question too. I know that in some of the western suburbs where there's lots of heavy redevelopment, they are requiring those individual homeowners to replace. Max, feel free to step in. [46:04] **Beth Richmond**: I would be really interested in hearing Mike's take on the requirements for the size of planting. [46:12] **Mike Bender**: Well, I would—what you said about your landscape architects, I agree with that totally. Just a little background: I spent my life in the horticulture industry. Planting 3-inch trees is tough unless you do exactly the right things. If you plant an inch-and-a-half and a 3-inch, that inch-and-a-half will outdo the 3-inch probably over a period of 10 years. So what you said is correct. And I do like Nick's thing about the diversity. I think that is very important, especially nowadays because—I've preached that for years—but I think it's got to be written someplace that it should be that way. [47:11] **Board Member**: Some point it would be nice to learn the lesson from Dutch Elm disease and Emerald Ash Borer. [47:18] **Mike Bender**: Yes, and Oak Wilt also. I remember in the early to mid-70s seeing whole forests, not wood lots but forests, dead from Oak Wilt south of Brainerd. It was pretty devastating. [47:45] **Beth Richmond**: If we went down to Category B and C since A seems to be pretty large... Category C is four trees for a moderate-sized coniferous. Is that larger number necessary if that tree is going to grow into a full-size tree? Are you overcrowding those trees? [48:08] **Nick Canela**: I think that's a very important point. I think that you are—if you plant four (let's just say we're not less than six feet in height) coniferous trees to replace your one conifer that came down, the property may not have the space to support those. And so I do think that four is maybe too many. What that number is, I'd be open to suggestions, but it feels like you're just setting yourself up for future removals. [48:42] **Beth Richmond**: Okay, that's what it seemed like to me too. [Beth Richmond and Max Losi continue the presentation on landscaping requirements, article 18, and calculations for tree density...] [51:19] **Beth Richmond**: Another question that came up at the Planning Commission was related to native plantings. If a property owner wants to have a yard full of native plantings, the city is now required by state statute to allow that. Wondering if there's any appetite for additional regulations or support? [51:46] **Nick Canela**: I guess one—there's some language in here that I'd like some clarification on. It's under "all trees used in site development shall be indigenous to the appropriate hardiness zone and physical characteristics of the site." What that's saying is it just has to be appropriate for the hardiness zone and the physical site characteristics like drainage—that's not necessarily pointing to "it has to be a native plant," right? [52:26] **Max Losi**: That's my understanding, yes. [52:27] **Nick Canela**: Good. Just want to make sure I was clear on that. [52:28] **Mike Bender**: When you talked about that the state says somebody wants to do native plantings, I would say we'd have to put something in there that if those native plantings are aggressive and move to their neighboring property, that shouldn't be allowed. If Glenn wants to plant all this native planting and then it jumps over to my yard and I have to spend all kinds of money trying to keep my yard up, that's not right either. It's got to be native planting within reason. Didn't mean to pick on you, Glenn. [53:07] **Glenn**: It's all right. [53:50] **Marge S.**: I think, Max, you mentioned the homeowners. Like someone builds a garage for example and has to remove trees. I think it would be very challenging for them to figure out what, if anything, they need to do from the current code. It almost feels like there needs to be a section—I thought that too—when I was reading this, it's certainly for developers and builders. But a homeowner who's got one piece of property, what part of this code should they be following? [54:32] **Nick Canela**: Question about the current city building permit process: is there a requirement to have a tree preservation plan as part of applying for a building permit? [54:43] **Max Losi**: If it triggered as a building under the tree preservation ordinance, we would require a tree preservation plan. [54:55] **Nick Canela**: Like if you're going to be building a garage and a tree has to come down, have you guys gotten—require that they have a plan for that? [55:04] **Max Losi**: I don't know if we have for a garage yet. It depends on the scale of the development. [55:12] **Chair**: My personal experience predates you and Luke by a couple of liaisons. I had to build a shed. The only way to put the shed in was to cram it between the tree and the property line. I was not about to take out the tree. I worked out how close could I come, but there was no plan required. I'm preserving the tree because I want to preserve the tree. [55:42] **Max Losi**: We primarily applied it to say an empty lot where a new house was built or our larger developments. [55:54] **Nick Canela**: Would the city have an appetite for requiring that for anything that needs a building permit? [55:59] **Max Losi**: It's definitely something we can explore. [56:11] **Marge S.**: My thought would be the accessory dwelling units (ADUs). It certainly seems to be a trend and if it's approved, that could take out a big chunk of property in someone's backyard. [56:24] **Max Losi**: We do allow accessory dwelling units. We can certainly look into defining that as a prompting factor for when the tree preservation ordinance is triggered. [56:41] **Chair**: One other following question: tree trimming prompted by my experience of three neighbors having to take out their trees. Where in the code does it fall where there's a discussion about this tree is threatening the safety of the neighbor's house? What's responsibility requirements for the neighbors notifying each other? [57:11] **Max Losi**: I believe that would be under the tree disease section of the trees chapter, which is something I'm unfortunately not too familiar with. [57:42] **Mike Bender**: Have your company worked with other cities in developing codes? Have you worked with White Bear Lake? [57:51] **Beth Richmond**: We have worked with them. I don't believe we've worked with them on their tree ordinance specifically. [57:57] **Mike Bender**: They do have a tree ordinance and it's pretty spelled out. They use formulas. I passed that down to Nick for him to look at. [58:11] **Nick Canela**: Yeah, we're always looking for good precedents. I know the city of Shorewood has a very rigidly defined tree preservation ordinance. Some might call it Draconian, but that's an opinion. [58:32] **Jack Aletto**: What kind of criteria would there be for trees that we discourage to not have in the city? [58:43] **Nick Canela**: I think—is there already language in the code that precludes exotic invasives or anything listed by the DNR as a noxious weed? I know Norway Maples are precluded in Shorewood specifically as an exotic invasive. [59:08] **Jack Aletto**: Reason I brought it up is, with our previous arborist here, I was really interested in some trees that were on the property of the Oakdale Post Office. I really liked the shape and everything. He got back to me and just said, "Oh yeah, you really don't want to be planting those," and he gave his reasoning. I thought, well, there's an example though—I don't know if the Post Office is federal land or not—but they put them in and yet here our arborist said no. [59:48] **Beth Richmond**: Some cities find that having that list that lives outside of the code is helpful. [1:00:15] **Nick Canela**: As far as codifying things, I think limiting it to "nothing that the DNR lists as a noxious weed" would be a good place to draw that line. [1:00:27] **Nick Canela**: I love the idea of native vegetation, but in practice, we're creating these incredibly artificial habitats like that exist nowhere else on earth. Let's plant something that's going to work well there, not necessarily something that's native as long as it's a nicely behaved ornamental. [1:00:53] **Mike Bender**: I agree, because my question is when these plants were native, our environment was different than it is today. We have different air, different soil, different water, and different pathogens. [1:02:00] **Chair**: Something that's kind of allied to the native vegetation: my daughter lives in Minneapolis. They don't want to mow their backyard, so they're planting a moss of some kind. grass never sees the sunlight and I've got a mud pile basically. I want to do something that replaces grass there. [1:02:45] **Mike Bender**: Creeping Charlie? [1:02:46] **Chair**: I don't want Creeping Charlie, sorry. [1:02:50] **Mike Bender**: Well, it's a good solution technically. There is no such thing as Creeping Charlie, it's Ground Ivy. [1:03:15] **Nick Canela**: I have a thought on the question of should we look at different standards for multi-family and non-residential properties? Why would we want to have a different character? That's a perfectly valid question. [1:03:36] **Marge S.**: Who's going to maintain them? Private property people will take ownership as opposed to multi-family. [1:03:45] **Max Losi**: One reason why it has been different historically is because there's a difference in the height of the buildings. Masking taller buildings using trees. [1:04:14] **Marge S.**: I had a couple thoughts. One was on lighting—I live next to a school that has now put in lights in the parking lot and they're pretty bright. If they could at least be aware of migration for the birds and the light issues. And then a couple other things was... bee lawns, are those acceptable or not? And then Gardens in general—how does a veggie garden or a community garden fit in? [1:05:43] **Mike Bender**: I've got one last thing. I noticed something else in the code talking about shrubs. You list five-gallon but you don't have a size. I've had experience with contractors who—the code said five-gallon but they had a 6-inch plant in a 5-gallon pot. I think you should have some kind of standard, a minimum height and width. Actually, it should be a "Number 5," it's not "five gallon." [1:06:22] **Nick Canela**: I just think generally, looking at the sizes that are required, they seem inordinately big. A minimum one-and-a-half inch size on all deciduous trees... smaller trees are going to do better in poor site conditions. It might be better to encourage them to plant smaller trees. [1:07:07] **Mike Bender**: I would agree with what Nick just said too. [1:07:11] **Chair**: And what we give away at the tree giveaway is considerably smaller too. [1:07:16] **Nick Canela**: Absolutely. When we do tree plantings for the city, we're mostly putting in one-inch whips. Except for those Buckeyes that we gave away this year... [1:07:27] **Mike Bender**: Insane! Technically they're inch-and-a-quarter. Huge. They were not inch-and-a-quarter, trust me, I know, I put them in cars. Gigantic. [1:07:46] **Max Losi**: Well, thank you very much. We appreciate you coming out and asking for input. [1:08:15] **Chair**: All right, looks like it is time for Old Business. So up number one on that is the Tree City USA Growth Award. [1:08:24] **Mike Bender**: One thing for the open forum—if you could open the open forum. [1:08:28] **Chair**: Thank you. Okay, I will now open for public comment. All right, we'll take a minute... Fine, well there is no public, so we'll move on from the open forum. Now it's time for the Tree City USA Growth Award. [1:08:44] **Sarah Ludwig**: Yes, thank you. I would just like to present—so the city did get awarded the Growth Award through the Tree City USA for the year 2023. We've got this beautiful plaque. [1:09:02] **Marge S.**: Can I take that? Please do. All right. Um, yes, after our last meeting, Mike and I took a look at the categories. There are 85 categories that we can apply for. We need a minimum of 10 points. I put together a spreadsheet with Mike's input and I can send that to you, Sarah, for distribution. I was glad to hear that we did get the award. [1:10:55] **Mike Bender**: I have two things, and I'm going to apologize because after Sarah's presentation, the second part of my thing for the Arbor Day thing I think should have been New Business. But my first one was that I'd like to send my thanks and my appreciation to the Public Works personnel who set up and do all the heavy lifting of the Arbor Day and of the tree planting. Second of all, when we put the Arbor Day trees online, it was already full in 3 or 4 days. And yet we had an awful lot of trees left over. Kevin had a huge weight list and only one person showed up from that. I am just wondering if in the future we can track people for two years who sign up and never show up, and then after that they're no longer eligible. [1:12:35] **Dallas Pearson**: I believe I heard at the tree giveaway that by noon the first day those trees were all allocated. One question I have: is there a potential for a larger number of trees to be ordered? I know that we have a budget, but is it possible with the high demand? [1:13:06] **Marge S.**: Also Deb's not here—I liaison to the Master Gardeners—but Deb Mohler had asked if there was a way for us to have this event at like the fire station and have a drive-thru indoors? We've had very bad weather conditions some years. [1:14:04] **Marge S.**: I also know the Master Gardener table was very well attended this year. Having those little seedlings is a big draw. [1:14:35] **Chair**: All right, that's everything we've got on our old business. We'd be on to new business now, and first up would be the 2024 Scott Carver buckthorn removal event. [1:14:48] **Sarah Ludwig**: All right, so this one I think is more for the Tree Board to discuss. I do know that as part of your work plan it says second Saturday in October, October 12th. [1:15:04] **Chair**: In the past, the former city Forester had been identifying locations within like the Nature Reserve. We would just go over there and work on it as a group. I would just be in favor of whoever ends up taking over as City Forester just allowing them to identify a site. [1:15:33] **Marge S.**: I think the only thing that happened last year was that some of the high schools weren't informed because we only had a couple students. We should make sure whoever takes over gets the information to North St. Paul or Tartan. [1:16:15] **Chair**: All right, well then let's move on to the tree trek at the Oakdale Park Reserve. I think, Marge, you and Mike have done some work on this. [1:16:25] **Marge S.**: Kudos to Mike because he's a walker and he's a tree expert. We know that the map that was put together in 2020 with the tree trek had some errors. Mike put together a list. There's two events coming up: July 10th and October 10th. Laura, who works at the Discovery Center, is going to make us a bigger map. Right now it's in three sections and it's really hard to see. [1:17:48] **Mike Bender**: I heard about the tree trek through here and saw the signs. I went online and I couldn't find it in the Oakdale site. I went in and asked and there was one printed for me. Hopefully we can get enough attendance to get people's interest. Most of my dealings with people and trees are their "hatred" of trees—the helicopters, the sap on cars. Hopefully this gets more people interested in preserving trees. [1:19:15] **Marge S.**: One of the signs, the labels—the Lions paid for the posts, the city paid for the labels. One of the labels has an incorrect Latin name. It's got American Cranberry as *Viburnum opulus*, which is European. [1:20:18] **Chair**: We can move on to our staff liaison updates. [1:20:21] **Sarah Ludwig**: Yes, I have a few things. I'm filling in for Chief Wold tonight. We had a new member appointed, Laura KD, but she was unable to make it tonight. The City Forester position is on its way; second-round interviews start next week. Crews have been busy with the rain and storm cleanup and EAB notifications. Lastly, the Acorn Award nomination period is open until June 30th. [1:21:28] **Marge S.**: I do have one question. We had an EAB grant for removal that ended last year in June. Do we know if that payment has been made and if it was made fully? [1:21:44] **Sarah Ludwig**: I will check on that for you and send you an update. [1:21:55] **Chair**: Next up would be board member updates. Anybody have anything for us? Okay, Council Liaison Willenbring. [1:22:05] **Susan Willenbring**: Thank you for coming out tonight. Sorry I haven't been here, and thank you to Mayor Zabel for filling in for me. To piggyback on Sarah, I would say nominate for the Acorn Award. Second thing is the parade starts next week Thursday, June 27th. We did the groundbreaking for Willowbrook Commons park, which should be finished by this fall. We also did the groundbreaking for Aldi. As far as city council goes, we are just working mostly on the budgets right now. [1:23:43] **Chair**: I tried to come out to the groundbreaking at Willowbrook Commons, but it stormed that first day. I'm excited for that park. Anything else? [1:24:28] **Dallas Pearson**: As being one who's always up for educating the public on identifying things, if we had a buckthorn identification class or something on the line right now, that'd be great. [1:24:40] **Marge S.**: You can come to Mike's tour! We'll point out buckthorn easily. [1:24:55] **Susan Willenbring**: Why is buckthorn so bad? [1:25:01] **Marge S.**: The birds eat the berries and spread it everywhere. It out-competes our native plants. [1:25:21] **Nick Canela**: It grows super dense which makes it hard for other things to grow up underneath it. Nothing's out there browsing it; nothing co-evolved to stop it. [1:25:54] **Mike Bender**: The nursery industry brought buckthorn in because it was a tough plant. Back in the '60s and '70s, there were buckthorn hedges throughout the Twin Cities. It's just a tough plant that wants to exist. [1:26:42] **Board Member**: Move to adjourn. [1:26:44] **Board Member**: Second. [1:26:45] **Chair**: All in favor? [1:26:46] **Group**: Aye. [1:26:47] **Chair**: All opposed? All right, we are adjourned.